Ib Daim Ntawv Dawb Muab ib
Qib Siab Tshajview ntawm Audio
Kev xaiv ntawm Raspberry Pi SBCs
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© 2022-2025 Raspberry Pi Ltd
Cov ntaub ntawv no tau tso cai raws li Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND).
Version 1.0
Hnub tim: 28/05/2025
Daim ntawv ceeb toom tsis lees paub raws cai
RASPBERRY PI LTD (“RPL”) RASPBERRY PI LTD (“RPL”) raws li kev hloov kho los ntawm lub sijhawm mus rau SIJHAWM (“Kev Pabcuam”) yog muab los ntawm RASPBERRY PI LTD (“RPL”) “RAWS LI NTAWM KEV PAB CUAM, THIAB KUV YUAV TSUM TAU TSIS TXAUS SIAB TAM SIM NO YUAV TSUM TAU TXAIS NTAWM MERCHANTABILITY THIAB FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE are disclaimed. TXOJ HAUJ LWM NTAWM TXOJ HAUJ LWM NTAWM TXOJ HAUJ LWM NTAWM TXOJ CAI NTAWM LUB TSEV KAWM NTAWV NTAWM LUB SIJ HAWM RPL yuav tsum lav rau txhua yam ncaj qha, ncaj, tsis ncaj, xwm txheej, tshwj xeeb, piv txwv, lossis qhov kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim (nrog rau, TAB SIS NTAWM NO Kev Pabcuam; Poob Kev Siv, DATA LUB SIJ HAWM NTAWM LUB SIJ HAWM NTAWM LUB CHAW UA HAUJ LWM HAUV LUB CHAW UA HAUJ LWM HAUJ LWM HAUV LUB CHAW UA HAUJ LWM NTAWM LUB TSEV KAWM NTAWV NTAWM LUB ROOJ HAUJ LWM, LUB SIJ HAWM TXOJ CAI, TXOJ CAI TXOJ CAI, LUB SIJ HAWM TXOJ CAI, lossis kev ua txhaum cai (xws li kev tsis saib xyuas lossis lwm yam) tshwm sim hauv qhov tshwm sim, DAIM NTAWV THOV POSSIBILITY LOS NTAWM DAIM NTAWV THOV.
RPL muaj txoj cai los ua kom muaj kev txhim kho, txhim kho, kho lossis lwm yam kev hloov kho rau RESOURCES lossis ib yam khoom uas tau piav qhia hauv lawv txhua lub sijhawm thiab tsis tas yuav ceeb toom ntxiv.
RESOURCES yog tsim los rau cov neeg txawj ntse nrog rau theem tsim kev paub tsim. Cov neeg siv tsuas yog lub luag haujlwm rau lawv txoj kev xaiv thiab siv cov RESOURCES thiab txhua daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom tau piav qhia hauv lawv. Tus neeg siv pom zoo rau kev them nyiaj thiab tuav RPL yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau txhua qhov kev lav phib xaub, cov nqi, kev puas tsuaj lossis lwm yam kev poob uas tshwm sim los ntawm lawv qhov kev siv RESORCES. RPL muab kev tso cai rau cov neeg siv los siv RESOURCES nkaus xwb nrog rau Raspberry Pi cov khoom lag luam. Tag nrho lwm yam kev siv ntawm RESOURCES raug txwv. Tsis muaj ntawv tso cai tso cai rau lwm tus RPL lossis lwm tus neeg sab nrauv txoj cai kev txawj ntse.
HIGH Risk ACTIVITY. Raspberry Pi cov khoom tsis yog tsim, tsim los yog npaj rau siv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev puas tsuaj uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev nyab xeeb kev ua tau zoo, xws li nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm nuclear chaw, aircraft navigation los yog kev sib txuas lus systems, huab cua tswj, riam phom systems los yog kev nyab xeeb-kev siv tseem ceeb (nrog rau cov kev pab cuam lub neej thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho mob), nyob rau hauv uas cov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom yuav ua tau ncaj qha mus rau kev tuag, tus kheej raug mob los yog hnyav lub cev los yog ib puag ncig kev puas tsuaj ("High"). RPL tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm tsis lees paub qhov kev lees paub lossis kev lees paub ntawm kev nyab xeeb rau Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab lees txais tsis muaj kev lav phib xaub rau kev siv lossis suav nrog Raspberry Pi cov khoom lag luam hauv Cov Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai. Raspberry Pi cov khoom raug muab rau RPL's Standard Terms. RPL qhov kev muab ntawm RPLES tsis nthuav lossis hloov pauv RPL's Standard Terms suav nrog tab sis tsis txwv rau qhov tsis lees paub thiab kev lees paub uas tau hais hauv lawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv version keeb kwm
| Tso tawm | Hnub tim | Kev piav qhia |
| 1 | Peb 1-Apr-25 | Kev tso tawm thawj zaug |
Scope ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
Cov ntaub ntawv no siv tau rau cov khoom lag luam Raspberry Pi hauv qab no:
| PIB 0 | PIB 1 | Pib 2 | Pib 3 | Pib 4 | Pib 400 | Pib 5 | Pib 500 | ib CM1 | ib CM3 | ib CM4 | ib CM5 | Pico | Pico 2 | ||||
| 0 | W | H | A | B | A | B | B | Tag nrho | Tag nrho | Tag nrho | Tag nrho | Tag nrho | Tag nrho | Tag nrho | Tag nrho | Tag nrho | Tag nrho |
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Taw qhia
Tau ntau xyoo, cov kev xaiv muaj rau cov suab tso tawm ntawm Raspberry Pi SBCs (ib lub khoos phis tawj ib leeg) tau dhau los ua ntau, thiab txoj kev uas lawv tau tsav los ntawm software tau hloov pauv.
Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev xaiv muaj rau lub suab tso tawm ntawm koj lub Raspberry Pi ntaus ntawv thiab muab cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas siv suab xaiv los ntawm lub desktop thiab kab hais kom ua.
Daim ntawv dawb no xav tias Raspberry Pi ntaus ntawv tab tom khiav Raspberry Pi OS thiab ua tiav nrog cov firmware tshiab thiab kernels.
Raspberry Pi audio hardware
HDMI
Txhua Raspberry Pi SBCs muaj HDMI connector uas txhawb HDMI suab. Txuas koj lub Raspberry Pi SBC mus rau lub saib lossis TV nrog cov neeg hais lus yuav cia li tso cai HDMI audio tso tawm los ntawm cov neeg hais lus. HDMI suab yog lub teeb liab zoo digital, yog li cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev, thiab ntau lub suab zoo li DTS tau txais kev txhawb nqa.
Yog tias koj siv HDMI video tab sis xav kom lub suab teeb liab cais tawm - rau example, ua amplifier uas tsis txhawb HDMI cov tswv yim - tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau siv ib qho ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv hu ua splitter kom rho tawm lub suab teeb liab los ntawm HDMI teeb liab. Qhov no tuaj yeem kim, tab sis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv, thiab cov no tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Analogue PCM / 3.5 hli jack
Raspberry Pi qauv B +, 2, 3, thiab 4 feature 4-ncej 3.5 mm audio jack uas tuaj yeem txhawb lub suab thiab cov teeb liab sib xyaw. Qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo analogue tso zis tawm los ntawm PCM (mem tes-code modulation) teeb liab, tab sis nws tseem tsim nyog rau lub mloog pob ntseg thiab cov hais lus desktop.
Nco tseg
Tsis muaj analogue suab tso tawm ntawm Raspberry Pi 5.
Lub jack plug signals tau txhais nyob rau hauv cov lus hauv qab no, pib ntawm lub cable kawg thiab xaus rau ntawm qhov kawg. Cables muaj nyob nrog ntau txoj haujlwm, yog li xyuas kom koj muaj qhov tseeb.
| Jack ntu | Teeb liab |
| Lub tes tsho | Video |
| Nplhaib 2 | Hauv av |
| Nplhaib 1 | Txoj cai |
| Tswv yim | Sab laug |
I2S-based adapter boards
Txhua tus qauv ntawm Raspberry Pi SBCs muaj I2S peripheral muaj nyob rau ntawm GPIO header. I2S yog hluav taws xob serial tsheb npav interface tus qauv siv los txuas cov suab digital thiab sib txuas lus PCM cov ntaub ntawv suab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Raspberry Pi Ltd tsim ntau lub suab boards uas txuas rau GPIO header thiab siv I2S interface los hloov cov ntaub ntawv suab los ntawm SoC (system ntawm ib nti) mus rau lub rooj tsav xwm ntxiv.
Nco tseg: Add-on boards uas txuas ntawm GPIO header thiab ua raws li qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb yog hu ua HATs (Hardware Attached on Top). Lawv specifications tuaj yeem pom ntawm no: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/
Tag nrho ntau yam ntawm lub HATs tuaj yeem pom ntawm Raspberry Pi Ltd webqhov chaw: https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/
Kuj tseem muaj coob tus neeg thib peb HATs muaj rau cov zis suab, piv txwv liample los ntawm Pimoroni, HiFiBerry, Adafruit, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov no muab ntau yam sib txawv.
USB audio
Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem nruab HAT, lossis koj tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev yooj yim thiab yooj yim los txuas lub jack ntsaws rau lub mloog pob ntseg lossis lub microphone input, ces USB audio adapter yog qhov kev xaiv zoo. Cov no yog cov khoom siv yooj yim, pheej yig uas ntsaws rau hauv ib qho ntawm USB-A chaw nres nkoj ntawm Raspberry Pi SBC.
Raspberry Pi OS suav nrog cov tsav tsheb rau USB audio los ntawm lub neej ntawd; sai li sai tau thaum lub cuab yeej txuas rau, nws yuav tsum tshwm sim ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov uas tshwm sim thaum tus hais lus icon ntawm lub taskbar yog right-click.
Lub kaw lus kuj tseem yuav ntes tau yog tias lub cuab yeej txuas nrog USB muaj lub microphone tawm tswv yim thiab pab txhawb qhov tsim nyog.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth suab hais txog lub wireless kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv suab ntawm Bluetooth technology, uas yog siv dav heev. Nws ua rau Raspberry Pi SBC tham nrog Bluetooth tham thiab lub mloog pob ntseg / pob ntseg, lossis lwm yam khoom siv suab nrog Bluetooth txhawb nqa. Qhov ntau yog luv luv - txog 10 m siab tshaj plaws.
Bluetooth pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum tau 'paired' nrog Raspberry Pi SBC thiab yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub suab chaw ntawm lub desktop thaum qhov no ua tiav. Bluetooth tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub neej ntawd ntawm Raspberry Pi OS, nrog lub logo Bluetooth tshwm rau ntawm lub desktop ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam khoom siv uas muaj Bluetooth kho vajtse ntsia (txawm tias ua hauv lossis ntawm Bluetooth USB dongle). Thaum Bluetooth qhib, lub cim yuav xiav; Thaum nws yog neeg xiam, lub icon yuav grey.
Kev txhawb nqa software
Lub hauv paus kev txhawb nqa software tau hloov pauv ntau nyob rau hauv tag nrho Raspberry Pi OS duab, thiab, rau cov neeg siv kawg, cov kev hloov no feem ntau yog pob tshab. Thawj lub suab subsystem siv yog ALSA. Pulse Audio ua tiav ALSA, ua ntej hloov los ntawm cov kab ke tam sim no, uas yog hu ua Pipe Wire. Cov kab ke no muaj qhov ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li Pulse Audio, thiab API tau tshaj, tab sis nws kuj muaj qhov txuas ntxiv los tswj cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab lwm yam nta, ua rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm video thiab suab yooj yim dua. Vim Pipe Wire siv tib API li Pulse Audio, Pulse Audio utilities ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm Pipe Wire system.
Cov khoom siv no yog siv rau hauv example nram.
Txhawm rau khaws cov duab me me, Raspberry Pi OS Lite tseem siv ALSA los muab kev txhawb nqa suab thiab tsis suav nrog Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau, Pulse Audio, lossis Bluetooth lub tsev qiv ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tsev qiv ntawv tsim nyog ntxiv cov yam ntxwv raws li qhov xav tau, thiab cov txheej txheem no kuj tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Desktop
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, kev ua haujlwm suab tau ua haujlwm ntawm tus hais lus icon ntawm lub desktop ua haujlwm. Sab laug-nias ntawm lub icon coj mus txog lub ntim slider thiab mute khawm, whilst right-clicking coj mus rau ib daim ntawv teev cov muaj suab. Tsuas yog nyem rau ntawm lub suab uas koj xav siv. Kuj tseem muaj kev xaiv, ntawm txoj cai-nias, hloov cov profiles siv los ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej. Cov profiles feem ntau muab cov qib zoo sib txawv.
Yog tias kev txhawb nqa microphone qhib, lub microphone icon yuav tshwm rau ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov; txoj cai-nias ntawm qhov no yuav ua rau lub microphone tshwj xeeb cov ntawv qhia zaub mov xaiv, xws li kev xaiv cov khoom siv nkag, thaum nias sab laug coj mus rau theem kev teeb tsa.
Bluetooth
Txhawm rau ua khub Bluetooth ntaus ntawv, nyem rau ntawm lub cim Bluetooth ntawm lub taskbar, tom qab ntawd xaiv 'Add Device'. Lub kaw lus yuav pib nrhiav cov khoom siv muaj, uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv 'Discover' hom kom pom. Nyem rau ntawm lub cuab yeej thaum nws tshwm hauv daim ntawv thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum ua khub. Thaum ua ke, lub cuab yeej suab yuav tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov, uas yog xaiv los ntawm txhaj rau tus hais lus icon ntawm lub taskbar.
kab hais kom ua
Vim Pipe Wire siv tib API li Pulse Audio, feem ntau ntawm Pulse Audio commands siv los tswj lub suab ua haujlwm ntawm Yeeb Nkab Hlau. pacts yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj Pulse Audio: ntaus txiv neej pactl rau hauv kab hais kom ua kom paub meej ntxiv.
Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau Raspberry Pi OS Lite
Ntawm kev teeb tsa tag nrho ntawm Raspberry Pi OS, tag nrho cov ntawv thov kab lus hais kom ua thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv twb tau teeb tsa. Ntawm Lite version, txawm li cas los xij, Yeeb Nkab Hlau tsis tau teeb tsa los ntawm lub neej ntawd thiab yuav tsum tau teeb tsa manually kom tuaj yeem rov qab suab.
Txhawm rau nruab cov tsev qiv ntawv xav tau rau Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau ntawm Raspberry Pi OS Lite, thov nkag rau hauv qab no: sudo apt nruab pipewire pipewire-pulse pipewire-audio pulseaudio-utils Yog tias koj npaj siab yuav khiav cov ntawv thov uas siv ALSA, koj yuav tsum tau nruab cov hauv qab no: sudo apt nruab pipewire-alsa
Rebooting tom qab kev teeb tsa yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws kom tau txais txhua yam nce thiab khiav.
Audio playback examples
Tso cov npe ntawm Pulse audio modules nyob rau hauv daim ntawv luv luv (daim ntawv ntev muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab nyeem tsis yooj yim): $ pactl daim ntawv teev cov modules luv Qhia cov npe ntawm Pulse Audio dab dej hauv daim ntawv luv:
$ pactl daim ntawv dab dej luv luv
Ntawm Raspberry Pi 5 txuas nrog HDMI saib nrog built-in suab thiab ib daim npav USB ntxiv, cov lus txib no muab cov lus tso tawm hauv qab no: $ pactl daim ntawv dab dej luv luv
179 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED 265 alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_00reo-Soundlog-Device s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
Nco tseg
Raspberry Pi 5 tsis muaj analogue tawm.
Rau Raspberry Pi OS Lite nruab rau ntawm Raspberry Pi 4 - uas muaj HDMI thiab analogue tawm - cov hauv qab no raug xa rov qab: $ pactl daim ntawv dab dej luv luv
69 alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback Pipe Wire s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
70 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
Txhawm rau tso tawm thiab hloov lub neej ntawd dab dej rau HDMI audio (nco ntsoov tias nws yuav yog lub neej ntawd) ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm Raspberry Pi OS Lite, ntaus hauv:
$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback
$ pactl set-default-sink 70
$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi- tso suab
Ua si rov qab liample, nws thawj zaug yuav tsum tau upload rau lub sample cache, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ntawm lub neej ntawd dab dej. Koj tuaj yeem hloov lub dab dej los ntawm kev ntxiv nws lub npe mus rau qhov kawg ntawm pactl play-samplus command:
$ pactl upload-sample ua samplwm mp3 sample npe
$ pactl play-sample ua sample npe
Nws muaj Pulse Audio hais kom ua uas yooj yim dua los siv los ua suab rov qab:
$ paplay samplwm mp3
pactl muaj kev xaiv los teeb tsa lub ntim rau kev ua si. Vim tias lub desktop siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob Pulse Audio kom tau txais thiab teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv suab, kev ua tiav ntawm cov kab lus hloov pauv no kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim hauv qhov ntim slider ntawm lub desktop.
Qhov no example txo qhov ntim los ntawm 10%:
$ pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10%
Qhov no example teem lub ntim rau 50%:
$ pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ 50%
Muaj ntau, ntau Pulse Audio commands uas tsis tau hais txog ntawm no. Pulse Audio webxaib (https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/) thiab tus txiv neej nplooj ntawv rau txhua qhov hais kom ua muaj cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog qhov system.
Bluetooth
Tswj Bluetooth los ntawm kab hais kom ua tuaj yeem yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Thaum siv Raspberry Pi OS Lite, cov lus txib tsim nyog tau teeb tsa. Cov lus txib tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog bluetoothctl, thiab qee qhov examples ntawm nws siv yog muab hauv qab no.
Ua kom lub cuab yeej nrhiav tau rau lwm yam khoom siv:
$ bluetoothctl nrhiav tau ntawm
Ua lub cuab yeej ua ke nrog lwm yam khoom siv:
$ bluetoothctl pairable rau
Luam theej duab rau Bluetooth li hauv ntau:
$ bluetoothctl scan rau
Tshem tawm scanning:
$ bluetoothctl luam theej tawm bluetoothctl kuj tseem muaj kev sib tham sib, uas tau hu los ntawm kev siv cov lus txib uas tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj. Cov nram qab no example khiav txoj kev sib tham sib, qhov twg cov npe hais kom nkag mus thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau pom, ntawm Raspberry Pi 4 khiav Raspberry Pi OS Lite Bookworm: $ bluetoothctl
Tus neeg sawv cev sau npe
[bluetooth # npe
Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Pi4Lite [default] [bluetooth]#
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ntaus cov lus txib rau hauv tus neeg txhais lus thiab lawv yuav raug tua. Cov txheej txheem raug rau kev ua khub nrog, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas mus rau, ib lub cuab yeej yuav nyeem raws li hauv qab no: $ bluetoothctl
Tus neeg sawv cev sau npe [bluetooth # nrhiav tau ntawm
Hloov discoverable ntawm ua tiav
[CHG] Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Discoverable on [bluetooth]#pairable on
Hloov Pairable rau ua tiav
[CHG] Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Pairable on [bluetooth]# scan on
< tuaj yeem yog cov npe ntev ntawm cov khoom siv nyob ib puag ncig>
[bluetooth]# khub [mac chaw nyob ntawm lub cuab yeej, los ntawm cov lus txib scan lossis los ntawm lub cuab yeej nws tus kheej, hauv daim ntawv xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx] [bluetooth]# scan tawm
[bluetooth]# txuas [tib yam mac chaw nyob] Lub Bluetooth ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tam sim no tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov dab dej, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv no examplos ntawm Raspberry Pi OS Lite installation:
$ pactl daim ntawv dab dej luv luv
69 alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback Pipe Wire s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
70 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
71 bluez_output.CA_3A_B2_CA_7C_55.1 Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
$ pactl set-default-sink 71
$ pabample_audio_file>
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no ua ntej thiab rov ua suab rau nws.
Cov lus xaus
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov suab tso tawm los ntawm Raspberry Pi Ltd cov khoom siv, ua rau feem coob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Daim ntawv dawb no tau piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem no thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ntau ntawm lawv. Nws cia siab tias cov lus qhia uas tau nthuav tawm ntawm no yuav pab cov neeg siv kawg xaiv txoj cai audio tso tawm tswv yim rau lawv qhov project. Yooj yim examples ntawm yuav ua li cas siv lub tshuab suab tau muab, tab sis tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsum sab laj cov phau ntawv thiab cov nplooj ntawv txiv neej rau lub suab thiab Bluetooth lus kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Raspberry Pi yog lub cim lag luam ntawm Raspberry Pi Ltd
Raspberry Pi Ltd liab
Cov ntaub ntawv / Cov ntaub ntawv
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Raspberry Pi SBCS Ib Leeg Board Computer [ua pdf] Cov neeg siv phau ntawv qhia SBCS Ib Leeg Board Computer, SBCS, Ib Leeg Board Computer, Board Computer, Computer |